In one of the most economically damaging attacks of the year, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) was forced to shut down global production lines for five weeks in August. A ransomware attack by Scattered Spider (now working with Lapsus$ Hunters) crippled JLR’s “smart factory” systems and logistics networks. The incident, which cost an estimated £1.9 billion, demonstrated the devastating impact of cyber-physical convergence. When IT systems fail in modern manufacturing, the physical world stops, impacting thousands of suppliers and employees worldwide.